In a car accident, crumple zones in a vehicle’s body absorb and disperse crash energy to protect the occupants. This is accomplished by controlled weakening of sacrificial outer sections of the vehicle, strengthening and increasing rigidity in the inner passenger cabin area to create a “safety cell”. Impact energy that does reach the safety cell is dissipated over a large area, rather than in one small spot, to avoid injury to passengers.
With the increasing use of ADAS functions like radar, LiDAR and cameras, the amount of data they generate in vehicles is growing quickly. This is driving a requirement for 2.5-Gbps, 5-Gbps and 10-Gbps Ethernet in vehicle ECUs to transfer sensor data to the central computing system. Cameras, for example, can generate up to 3.5 Gbps of uncompressed image data.
A zone architecture, in contrast to a domain approach in which ECUs are grouped by function, organizes communication, power distribution and load control by location. Located close to the devices they control, a zonal module behaves as a network data bridge between the vehicle’s computing system and local edge nodes like smart sensors and ECUs. The device also distributes power (using Onsemi’s SmartFET semiconductor smart fuses with HSD capabilities), handles low-level computing and drives local loads, including capacitive, inductive or resistive loads.
Because the zone controllers are close to the devices they control, it is also possible to perform remote firmware-over-the-air (FOTA) updates. This can deliver new functionality to the car, or fix bugs in existing software that may have been discovered during testing or production. It also allows vehicle owners to subscribe to new services without having to wait for a model upgrade or take their car into the dealer.